Technological or Media Determinism

References and Related Reading

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• Baumann, Gerd (Ed.) (1986): The Written Word: Literacy in Transition. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  
• Benthall, Jonathan (1976): The Body Electric: Patterns of Western Industrial Culture. London: Thames & Hudson
  
• Buchanan, R. A. (1994): The Power of the Machine. Harmondsworth: Penguin
  
• Chandler, Daniel (1994a): 'Imagining Futures, Dramatizing Fears: The Portrayal of Technology in Literature and Film' [WWW document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/SF/sf.html
• Chandler, Daniel (1994b): 'Biases of the Ear and Eye: "Great Divide" Theories, Phonocentrism, Graphocentrism & Logocentrism' [WWW document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/litoral/litoral.html
• Chandler, Daniel (1996): 'Engagement with Media: Shaping and Being Shaped' [WWW document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/short/determ.html; also in Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, February 1996
• Clanchy, Michael T (1979): From Memory to Written Record. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  
• Cross, Nigel, David Elliott & Robin Roy (Eds.) (1974): Man-Made Futures: Readings in Society, Technology and Design. London: Hutchinson
  
• Dubos, Rene (1970): So Human an Animal. London: Hart-Davis
  
• Eisenstein, Elizabeth L (1980): The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  
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• Finnegan, Ruth (1975): 'Communication and Technology'. Unit 8 of the Open University Correspondence Course, Making Sense of Society, Block 3, Communication. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
  
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• Finnegan, Ruth (1988): Literacy and Orality: Studies in the Technology of Communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell
  
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• Heidegger, Martin (1977): The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays (trans. William Lovitt). New York: Harper & Row
  
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• Mander, Jerry (1978): Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television. New York: Morrow
  
• McLuhan, Marshall (1962): The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
  
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• Winner, Langdon (1977): Autonomous Technology: Technics-out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
  

The preferred form of citation for the online version of this paper is as follows:

• Chandler, Daniel (1995): 'Technological or Media Determinism' [WWW document] URL http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/tecdet/tecdet.html [Date of Visit]
  

Index

• Contents Page
• Introduction
• Technology-led theories
• Reductionism
• Mechanistic models
• Reification
• Technological autonomy
• The 'technological imperative'
• Technology as neutral or non-neutral
• Universalism
• Techno-evolution as 'progress'
• Theoretical stances
• Deterministic language
• Conclusion
• References and related reading
• Relevant links